Secret Squirrel here turns his attention to events transpiring, and involving,the ever unthawing,ever warming,frozen polar north, the arctic specifically, which according to the events of the day went unwanted when it was cold,barren,frozen,to use an expression, colder than a whore's heart.Frozen over, heaps and heaps of snow on it, cold, blowing, utterly inhospitable,uninhabitable, home only those who would brave its climate in efforts to escape,unnoticed,from the world of bad actors.Indeed t'is the land nobody wants, or rather nobody wanted. You see now that there is global warming,things are heating up, the place is unthawing, the frozen over oceans opening up, allowing for the emergence of a NorthWest Passage to,well,China, as that's what they all were originally looking for up there.Well, it's been found, and what with global warming, it's become useable.Also emergent is the Russian NorthEast passage,presently being used more times than a whore's passage. Also as the lands unthaw and there are thoughts of the lands, and the seas,above and below, being searched ,for, minerals,gas,and oil as well.No less than five of them, count'em, five ,specifically,Denmark,the United
States,Norway,Russia,and Canada,are intent on garnering the most they can in an Arctic land grab,never mind the hundreds and hundreds of miles to the pole they are actually away from.
Firstly,since we'll go in listed order here, of no import otherwise,we'll consider the claims of Denmark.The foundation of Danish rule was laid by a mission at Godthab (now Nuuk),Greenland) in 1721 by a Norwegian missionary, Hans Egede.In Greenland. In the 19th century Greenland was explored and mapped by numerous explorers and navigators.The United States relinquished its claim to land in northern Greenland, based on the explorations of the American explorer Robert Edwin
Peary,(1886) when it purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917.It seems America had a habit of claiming to own anything an American happened to visit and explore, no doubt he reason so many American tourists are despised and have such
troubles whenever they visit anywhere in the world nowadays. In May 1921, Denmark declared the entire island of Greenland to be Danish territory, causing a dispute with Norway over hunting and fishing rights. In 1931 a strip of land on the east coast was claimed by some Norwegian hunters, whose action was later recognized by the Norwegian government. The occupation was invalidated by the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague in 1933.So...........Greenland belongs to and is part of......Denmark.So too then,the continental shelf and whatever is so many miles from it's shores.Denmark also claims Hans Island,in further attempts to exert and extend it's land grab,and so too does Canada,though the Denmarkians seem to be in a better position with regards to the name of the place,Viva la Isla de Hans libre!!! Hans is not Canadian! is the Danish rallying war cry,even yet forming The Hans Island Liberation Frontehurling defy in the face of the Canadians and their Prime Ministers. So Denmark has a firm stake in The Arctic,and firmly wishes to shove it in to the Canadian heart.
The United States also has a firm stake to wield in The Arctic.America is in with Alaska.The name "Alaska" was used by the Russians to refer only to the peninsula. This name was used by the United States to refer, first to the entire territory, and
then, to the State after its purchase in 1867.The name "Alaska" is taken from the Aleut word "aláxsxaq" that refers to an object to which the sea is directed, in this case the Alaska peninsula and mainland. This is sometimes loosely translated as
"great land."On March 30, 1867, the United States agreed to purchase Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million dollars, about two cents an acre; "Seward's Folly" many called it, after Secretary of State William H. Seward.Other satirical names were
"Icebergia," "Polaria," and "Walrussia." Critics of the purchase also chastised the President of the United State, Andrew Johnson, by referring to the Alaska territory as "Johnson's Polar Bear Garden." A check for $7,200,000.00 was issued on
August 1, 1868 and made payable to Edouard de Stoeckl, the Russian Minister to the United States.(Just as well this was done back then, as nowadays, the check might well have bounced).On January 3, 1959,Alaska, with a land mass larger than Texas, California and Montana combined, became the 49th state in the union.America is in it for a piece of,or in it's entirety as they all are,the North Pole, and the rocks,minerals,oil and gas. And a touch more, further on amplified,access to,The Northwest Passage.
Norway has a stake in The Arctic, as an extension of it's continental shelf,claims to oil,gas,rocks,minerals etc ,and the North Pole, and by virtue of the claims of many of it's explorers wandering about the Arctic in and after the fashion of the American Peary.Notable is Roald Amundsen who made many trips to the Arctic regions,poles etc, starting 1897 onwards(this trip was with Belgians),flew over and visited the North Pole,and he even yet on another trip reached Nome,Alaska,making a crossing of the Northwest Passage.For some reason they were forever looking for a route to China.So we have ROALD AMUNDSEN: The Northwest Passage,First Navigation by Ship 1905: In mid August, Amundsen sailed from Gjøahaven (today: Gjoa Haven, Nunavut) in the vessel Gjøa,east to west. On August 26 they encountered a ship bearing down on them from the west, and with that they were through the passage.
Russia has,of course, it's own Arctic reaches, and also, a working,what with the effects of global warming,NorthEast Passage,and as an extension of it's continental shelf, claims to gas,oil,rocks,and minerals, and the North Pole.Unlike the
Northwest Passage,the passage is considerably much easier,and the Soviets wish to employ the route as a shortcut from Asia to Europe and vice versa.Now the question of the Soviet NorthEast passage arises in equity ,does it not,it's opening,the NorthEast passage is opening up, as receding ice melts,revealing an elusive trade route from Asia to the West sought after for centuries by explorers.The Russians are exerting control over it,as when the United States dispatched icebreakers to Proliv Vil'kitskogo (Vil'kitskii Strait),the shallow, ice-choked strait, named after Russian explorer Boris Vilkitsky who mapped it in 1913.Now it separates the Kara Sea from the Laptev Sea about halfway along the Siberian coastline,and there is only 11 miles between transited and navigable islands in places. In 1967, the Soviet Union did not allow the American vessels to accomplish the passage, basing their refusal on a requirement, provided for in municipal legislation, that warships seek prior authorization. During the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1973–82) the USSR reversed this policy: innocent passage was granted in principle to merchant and war vessels alike.The Northeast passage if freely used by international shipping, moving goods by vessel from say, Asia, Japan,Korea or whatever, across the top of the
Soviet Union between any islands as it were, and thence to Europe, Britain,the Scandinavian countries as it were...so then too should Canada not allow the same, under the same rules and regulations and agreements?Russia presently regulates vessel movements, and rents out,then, it's icebreakers to accompany(this may not be required as the ice opens ups further).Russia hopes to make the Arctic route a competitor to the Suez Canal and increase cargo traffic along its Siberian coast from two million tonnes a year now to 30 million tonnes — profiting off taxes and the lease of its unique fleet of nuclear ice breakers,thinking economically.But mariners admit many obstacles remain before Russia's shipping route might steal business from established southern thoroughfares — not least because of a summer that lasts just a few weeks.Sovcomflot said it must find new deep-water routes to steer heavy tankers through the perilous coastal waters and contend
with free-floating icebergs that make the route hard to time and unreliable.
“The summer in Arctic waters lasts 2-2.5 months. It's winter the rest of the time,” chief engineer Boris Abakhov told NTV, bundled in a parka and wool hat aboard the mighty ice-breaker Rossiya.This route is viable, Europe to Asia,and Asia to Europe.No problems there really,just definitions of management of the route.
Now we come to Canada.Canada, of course,as an extension of it's continental shelf claims rocks,mineral,oil,gas, but seems to have no designs on the North Pole.It does and doesn't wish a Northwest Passage, it wishes control over the Northwest
passage,and there the major clash is with the Americans.Let's look first at the history of Canada, the youngest of the Arctic players,and the most confused as to existence in the first place, and claims on the Arctic in the second place. With respect to Canada as is, there was Canada as was, when England owned and ruled Canada as a colony,Canada was not a separate entity,until England performed an act of separation, therefor all conditions with respect to the arctic islands etc that
Canada presently claim, have no relevancy beyond a wish things were so, with respect not so much to territorial but to things such as right of passage,internationally in said area...there is that to be considered, the events that made things international with respect to passage, right of exploration, cliams of rights of passage even yet due to exploration.....there we have Russia,Norway,Sweden,Great Britain(which being done for Britain would thence encompass
Scotland,Ireland,Northern Ireland,and Wales),Denmark.Sweden actually completed the first passage through the Northeast passage, which throws a wrench in to the Russian works somewhat,Norwegian Otto Sverdrup discovered islands in the Canadian Arctic - which he claimed for Norway and then sold back to Canada.........so still there remains an exploratory right of
passage,not the same as a territorial right acquired by Canada with the acquisition sale, which I point out was made, as in sale, acknowledgement by that act that said islands and territory did indeed not belong to Canada territorially at that time.Britain itself only gave the arctic territories to Canada in the nineteenth century,(1800's).At 1867,Confederation itself, the northern territory areas and islands, were, in fact, known as Rupert's Land, and belonged to,still, Britain,as well as Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island(noticeably and worthy of note, at that time, Quebec actually included half of Labrador as it is today).as the map here shows historically
http://www.filibustercartoons.com/New%20Canada%20Guide/content/early/1867.gif
Rupert's Land was given to Canada in 1870,which in fact had belonged, privately, to the Hudson's Bay Company........BUT the so called Arctic Islands still, at that time, belonged to Britain,note the map here,
http://www.edmaps.com/canada_1870.gif
and note also Quebec has grown,and encompasses almost all of what is Labrador,with only a tiny strip portion belonging to the British possession of NewFoundland(note also British Columbia is just that, still British).(Strangely, view the map again, Britain gave present Labrador to NewFoundland in 1927...curiouser and curiouser, whatever happened there?).Canada's acquisition of the arctic islands,the ones remaining, the Northwest Passage islands, took place circa 1882.Now let's look at the politics involved with respect to Canada claiming the Northwest Passage and full control over the same.
Under international law, no country currently owns the North Pole or the region of the Arctic Ocean surrounding it.Documents obtained by the Danish media in mid-2011 revealed that by 2014 Denmark intends to submit a formal claim for sovereignty over the North Pole to the United Nations, The five surrounding Arctic states, Russia, the United States, Canada, Norway and Denmark (via Greenland), are limited to an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) adjacent to their coasts.The status of certain portions of the Arctic sea region are in dispute for various reasons. Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia and the United States all regard parts of the Arctic seas as "national waters" (territorial waters out to 12 nautical miles) or "internal waters". There also are disputes regarding what passages constitute "international seaways" and rights to passage along them (Northwest Passage).Upon ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a country has a ten year period to make claims to an extended continental shelf which, if validated, gives it exclusive rights to resources on or below the seabed of that extended shelf area. Due to this, Norway , Russia, Canada and Denmark launched projects to provide a basis for seabed claims on extended continental shelves beyond their exclusive economic zones. The United States has signed, but not yet ratified this treaty. In 1925, based upon the Sector Principle, Canada became the first country to extend its maritime boundaries northward to the North Pole, at least on paper, between 60°W and 141°W longitude, a claim that is not universally recognized (there are in fact 415 nmi (769 km; 478 mi) nautical miles of ocean between the Pole and Canada's northernmost land point). In 1926 Russia fixed its claim in Soviet law (32°04'35"E to 168°49'30"W). Norway (5°E to 35°E) made similar sector claims — as did the United States (170°W to 141°W), but that sector contained only a few islands so the claim was not pressed. Denmark's sovereignty over all of Greenland was recognized by the United States in 1916 and by an international court in 1933. Denmark could also conceivably claim an Arctic sector (60°W to 10°W).In addition, Canada claims the water within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago as its own internal waters.
The United States is one of the countries which does not recognize Canada's, or any other countries', Arctic water claims, and has allegedly sent nuclear submarines under the ice near Canadian islands without requesting permission.The dispute involves, rights of passage on free and open waters,oil and gas on ocean floor beds etc, involving, Canada,Russia,Iceland,Denmark,and the United States(Alaska).One recalls one Xaviera Hollander,and we find the NorthWest Passage to be as popular as hers in her day.
Let's look further at Canada's claims and problems it has been having with it's claim.The Canadian government claims that some of the waters of the Northwest Passage, particularly those in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, are internal to Canada, giving Canada the right to bar transit through these waters. Most maritime nations,including the United States and the nations of the European Union, consider them to be an international strait, where foreign vessels have the right of "transit passage".In such a régime, Canada would have the right to enact fishing and environmental regulation, and fiscal and smuggling laws, as well as laws intended for the safety of shipping, but not the right to close the passage. If the passage’s deep waters become completely ice-free in summer months, they would be particularly enticing for massive supertankers that are forced to plow around the tip of South America because they are too big to pass through the Panama Canal.In 1985, the U.S. icebreaker Polar Sea passed through from Greenland to Alaska; the ship submitted to inspection by the Canadian Coast Guard before passing through, but the event infuriated the Canadian public and resulted in a diplomatic incident. The United States government, when asked by a Canadian reporter, indicated that they did not ask for permission as they were not legally required to. The Canadian government issued a declaration in 1986 reaffirming
Canadian rights to the waters. However, the United States refused to recognize the Canadian claim. In 1988 the governments of Canada and the U.S. signed an agreement, "Arctic Cooperation", that resolved the practical issue without solving the sovereignty questions. Under the law of the sea, ships engaged in transit passage are not permitted to engage in research. The agreement states that all US Coast Guard vessels are engaged in research, and so would require permission from the Government of Canada to pass through.
In late 2005, it was alleged that U.S. nuclear submarines had travelled unannounced through Canadian Arctic waters, sparking outrage in Canada. In his first news conference after the 2006 federal election, Prime Minister-designate Stephen Harper contested an earlier statement made by the U.S. ambassador that Arctic waters were international, stating the Canadian government's intention to enforce its sovereignty there. The allegations arose after the U.S. Navy released photographs of the USS Charlotte surfaced at the North Pole.
On April 9, 2006, Canada's Joint Task Force North declared that the Canadian military will no longer refer to the region as the Northwest Passage, but as the Canadian Internal Waters.The declaration came after the successful completion of Operation Nunalivut (Inuktitut for "the land is ours"), which was an expedition into the region by five military patrols.
In 2006 a report prepared by the staff of the Parliamentary Information and Research Service of Canada suggested that because of the September 11 attacks the United States might be less interested in pursuing the international waterways claim in the interests of having a more secure North American perimeter.This report was based on an earlier paper, The Northwest Passage Shipping Channel: Is Canada’s Sovereignty Really Floating Away? by Andrea Charron, given to the 2004 Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute Symposium.Later in 2006 former United States Ambassador to Canada, Paul Cellucci agreed with this position; however, the succeeding ambassador, David Wilkins, stated that the Northwest Passage was in international waters.
On July 9, 2007, Prime Minister Harper announced the establishment of a deep-water port in the far North. In the government press release the Prime Minister is quoted as saying, “Canada has a choice when it comes to defending our sovereignty over the Arctic. We either use it or lose it. And make no mistake, this Government intends to use it. Because Canada’s Arctic is central to our national identity as a northern nation. It is part of our history. And it represents the tremendous potential of our future."
On July 10, 2007, Rear Admiral Timothy McGee of the United States Navy, and Rear Admiral Brian Salerno of the United States Coast Guard announced that the United States would also be increasing its ability to patrol the Arctic.
Law of The Sea.......
Internal waters
Covers all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline. The coastal state is free to set laws, regulate use, and use any resource. Foreign vessels have no right of passage within internal waters.This means between islands, up to 24miles between them or the island and the base shore.
Territorial waters
Out to 12 nautical miles from the baseline, the coastal state is free to set laws, regulate use, and use any resource. Vessels were given the right of innocent passage through any territorial waters, with strategic straits allowing the passage
of military craft as transit passage, in that naval vessels are allowed to maintain postures that would be illegal in territorial waters. "Innocent passage" is defined by the convention as passing through waters in an expeditious and continuous manner, which is not “prejudicial to the peace, good order or the security” of the coastal state. Fishing, polluting, weapons practice, and spying are not “innocent", and submarines and other underwater vehicles are required to navigate on the surface and to show their flag. Nations can also temporarily suspend innocent passage in specific areas of their territorial seas, if doing so is essential for the protection of its security.There is a further 12 miles added to that for military control.
The United States has not ratified the Law of The Sea, they and nations such as Columbia,Thailand,Laos,Cambodia,North Korea,Afghanistan, and 6 other minor African nationsRatification is the approval of the principal of an act of its agent
where the agent lacked authority to legally bind the principal. Countries that have not signed — (16 of them)Andorra, Azerbaijan, Ecuador, Eritrea, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Peru, San Marino, Syria, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela and the states with limited recognition.Countries that have signed, but not yet ratified — (18 of them)Afghanistan, Bhutan, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Colombia, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Libya, Liechtenstein, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United States.Canada and the US are also engaged in a dispute over the future of the Northwest Passage, the partially frozen waterway that links the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
The US says it regards it as an international strait but Mr Harper has vociferously defended the passage as Canadian territory.The Canadian government considers the Northwestern Passages part of Canadian Internal Waters, but the United States
and various European countries maintain they are an international strait or transit passage, allowing free and unencumbered passage.Sought by explorers for centuries as a possible trade route, it was first navigated by Roald Amundsen in1903–1906.The Canadian government claims that some of the waters of the Northwest Passage, particularly those in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, are internal to Canada, giving Canada the right to bar transit through these waters. Most maritime
nations, including the United States and the nations of the European Union, consider them to be an international strait,where foreign vessels have the right of "transit passage".In such a régime, Canada would have the right to enact fishing and
environmental regulation, and fiscal and smuggling laws, as well as laws intended for the safety of shipping, but not the right to close the passage. If the passage’s deep waters become completely ice-free in summer months, they would be particularly enticing for massive supertankers that are forced to plow around the tip of South America because they are too big to pass through the Panama Canal.The Canadian government issued a declaration in 1986 reaffirming Canadian rights to the waters. However, the United States refused to recognize the Canadian claim. In 1988 the governments of Canada and the U.S. signed an agreement, "Arctic Cooperation", that resolved the practical issue without solving the sovereignty questions. Under the law of the sea, ships engaged in transit passage are not permitted to engage in research. The agreement states that all
US Coast Guard vessels are engaged in research, and so would require permission from the Government of Canada to pass through,here we can see a map of things,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Northwest_passage.jpg
Presently the Northwest Passage is as International as Marilyn Chambers'.
Let's now turn our attention to other areas of the world where vessels of commerce, and others, freely pass,areas both between sea bordering nations, and also through nations,as in straits, or even yet archipelago crossings between nations islands.
First example, let's look at Turkey's Bosphorous,(Istanbul Strait,and the border between Europe and Asia),it connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara,which is connected by the Dardanelles to the Aegean Sea, and thereby to the Mediterranean Sea, Free passage to trading vessels of all countries.......warships can be restricted.Turkey is interesting as the strait area is entirely within Turkey.
Second example,the Panama canal,a canal artificially constructed, with a system of locks,allows for passage between the Atlantic area in the Carribbean, and the Pacific Ocean,constructed in and through the single nation of Panama. The canal,as built,would be permanently neutralized (as would any other international waterway later constructed wholly or partly in Panamanian territory), with the object of securing it for peaceful transit in time of peace or of war for vessels
of all nations on equal terms (arts. 1, 2). The right of passage extends not only to merchant ships but to vessels of war and auxiliary vessels in noncommercial service of all nations "at all times," irrespective of their internal operations, means of propulsion, origin, destination, or armament.Similarly there is the Suez canal,which has no locks, but was artificially constructed,in and through, Egpyt, and has the right of passage of all ships through the Suez Canal,as long as the do their
paperwork and pay the tariff,in short, it still has a private nature to it, and CAN restrict access to and through with respect to nations, and also military vessels,though Egypt does not have the tendency to do this,
Now let's look at the International Strait of gibraltar,a strait running in part between Morocco and Spain, but also between and in Spain, through it's extended territory of Ceuta.Straits used for international navigation through the territorial sea between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone are subject to the legal regime of transit passage (Strait of Gibraltar, Dover Strait, Strait of Hormuz). The regime of innocent passage applies in straits used for international navigation (1) that connect a part of high seas or an exclusive economic zone with the territorial sea of coastal nation (Strait of Tiran, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Strait of Baltiysk) and (2) in straits formed by an island of a state bordering the strait and its mainland if there exists seaward of the island a route through the high seas or through an
exclusive economic zone of similar convenience with respect to navigational and hydrographical characteristics (Strait of Messina, Pentland Firth). There may be no suspension of innocent passage through such straits.So too thence passage
concerning and between Alaska and Russia and also under the same rules of governance for foreign warships as decided. BUT as to commercial venture passage, there the rules and regs must thence be the same for all, as with respect to international right of passage.BUT here, wiht respect to the Bosphorous,or Suez,there may thence be a fee levied by Canada, on agreement, in equity with respect to such as the Bhopsorous in equity, or, as with the Strait of Gibraltar, free and open to all..........feeless as it were.
There are other passage rights which can be applied, as in Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage,The right of transit by ships and aircraft(hasn't been considered has it, but applicable) through Archipelagos, such as the Philippines and Indonesia,Seychelles,the Greek islands.here are fragments of the Lwas concernig the Archipelagic Sea Lane Passages,as points of information.
2) Subject to subsection (5), the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage shall be exercised only through sea lanes or air routes designated pursuant to section 19.
a) Freedom of navigation; and
(b) Freedom of overflight.
16. (1) Without prejudice to any other written law but subject to subsections (2), (3) and (4), foreign ships shall enjoy the
right of innocent passage through the territorial sea and archipelagic waters.
Article 53
Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage
1. An archipelagic State may designate sea lanes and air routes thereabove, suitable for the continuous and expeditious
passage of foreign ships and aircraft through or over its archipelagic waters and the adjacent territorial sea.
2. All ships and aircraft enjoy the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage in such sea lanes and air routes.
3. Archipelagic sea lanes passage means the exercise in accordance with this Convention of the rights of navigation and overflight in the normal mode solely for the purpose of continuous, expeditious and unobstructed transit between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.
4. Such sea lanes and air routes shall traverse the archipelagic waters and the adjacent territorial sea and shall include all normal passage routes used as routes for international navigation or overflight through or over archipelagic waters and,
within such routes, so far as ships are concerned, all normal navigational channels, provided that duplication of routes of similar convenience between the same entry and exit points shall not be necessary.
Article 52
Right of innocent passage
1. Subject to Article 53 and without prejudice to article 50 , ships of all States enjoy the right of innocent passage
through archipelagic waters, in accordance with Part II, section 3.
2. The archipelagic State may, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its archipelagic waters the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security. Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.
In short,now as the ice is melting, an economic Northwest Passage has ensued, passing between the Canadian islands in the North, emphasis on the Canadian,politics aside.The maximum distance between any such traveresed island straits is small in size, in short much less than 12 miles from any and either(24 between), and greatly less than a military control extended zone of a further 12 miles(then being 48 miles between).In short transit is then between Canadian Islands,but the transit IS archipelagic,and it is this,and the Americans,which are turning Canada into a quadrapelegic internationally but simply ignoring things and sending their submarines whilly nilly in and through and under Canada's arctic as it were. Now if Canada wishes to use other international passages,for it's naval civilian commerce, and any military transit for it's naval warships,in equality and equity,Canada, and it's present Prime Minister,must allow and acknowledge international passage through and using the Northwest Passage,in and after the same fashion following the same rules and guidelines as do the other strait,archipelagic,or passage owning nations...however, it can and should thnec have the equal ability to restrict passage to any foreign warships as it wishes.The Americans have chosen to ignore the Canadian claims, and have violated time after
time the Canadian territorial rights in the north,which for some reason the Canadians have failed to have established similar in nature to those other archipelagic nations such as The Phillipines,Seychelles,Greece,Indonesia et all.
Canada can claim that if there MUST be a passage in between it's island, of an international nature, subject to rules of allowance for warships as may or may not be arranged, thence also a similar one must exist for the Russian area as well,governed by the same rules and regulations with respect to the right of passage, or not, of all foreign warships and under which conditions,as are pre defined.
However, the contested sovereignty claims over the waters may complicate future shipping through the region: The Canadian government considers the Northwestern Passages part of Canadian Internal Waters, but the United States and various European countries maintain they are an international strait or transit passage, allowing free and unencumbered passage in the outright.Canada must have the exact same control which the Russians exact over the Northeastpassage,Heidi Fleiss allowed people to rent a passage, if the Soviets rent, then the Canadians must be allowed in equity to rent their passages as well.
The Americans have been careful to respect Russian Sovereignty , and Russia's rule over it's arctic, with respect to transits of the Russian Northeast Passage, and with respect to it's military vessels infringing on Russian Sovereignty , but with respect to Canada, America shows only utter contempt,disrespect,discourtesy,incivility.In short, Canada is being treated differently with respect to other nations of the world,there is maritime inequality,inequity, iniquity for some reason,not only from the Americans, but from other nations as well. and this must be reversed.
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